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    <title>UTas ePrints - Facies Architecture of the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal and Spain</title>
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    <meta content="Rosa, Carlos J.P." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="thesis" name="eprints.type" />
<meta content="2007-10-22 01:37:47" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Facies Architecture of the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal and Spain" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="The Iberian Pyrite Belt is the richest massive sulfide province in the world. The massive sulfide
ore deposits occur in a felsic volcanic and sedimentary succession (VS Complex) of late
Famennian (Upper Devonian) to late Visean (Middle Carboniferous) age. Volcanic facies
analysis has been carried out on three areas in Portugal, including the Neves Corvo mine, and
five sections in Spain. In all sections studied, the depositional setting during accumulation of the
VS Complex was submarine and below wave base.
The principal felsic volcanic facies are: (1) coherent rhyolite and dacite, associated with
monomictic breccia; (2) fiamme-rich breccia (with variable amounts of dense volcanic and
sedimentary clasts), fiamme-rich sandstone and fiamme-bearing mudstone; and (3) crystal-rich
sandstone and mudstone. Mafic units are minor, dominated by coherent facies and have
uncertain mode of emplacement (intrusions or lavas). Fiamme typically have lenticular shape
and quartz- or quartz- and feldspar-phyric texture, and are interpreted to be altered and
compacted pumice clasts. The volcanic facies are typically interleaved with, and regionally less
voluminous than, the non-volcanic facies, which are dominated by mudstone.
The felsic volcanic facies are interpreted to be the products of numerous, relatively small
intrabasinal volcanic centres that generated abundant lavas, domes and pyroclastic units. Some
volcanic centres are dominated by lavas, whereas others have similar proportions of lavas and
pyroclastic units. The domes and lavas are more voluminous but less laterally extensive than the
pyroclastic units. A sediment-matrix breccia typically occurs at the top contact of the felsic
lavas with sedimentary units. This sediment-matrix breccia formed from the infiltration of fine
sediment into interclast spaces in previously formed hyaloclastite, and could be misinterpreted
as peperite. Felsic intrusions are less voluminous than lavas, and were emplaced as cryptodomes
and partly extrusive cryptodomes, late in the evolution of the VS Complex. The architecture of
the different study areas reflects differences in the eruption style, emplacement processes and
proximity to source. Parts of the succession interpreted to be proximal are dominated by thick
lavas/domes and intrusions, and coarse pyroclastic deposits. Medial parts comprise
resedimented autoclastic facies derived from the lavas and domes, and relatively thin pyroclastic
units. Distal parts comprise relatively thinly bedded crystal-rich sandstone and siliceous
mudstone. Regional correlations in the VS Complex are impossible, as none of the volcanic
facies are regionally extensive and each of the volcanic centres has a unique internal
architecture.
At Neves Corvo mine, the massive sulfide ore deposits are close to one of the felsic volcanic
centre(s), occurring immediately above the rhyolitic lavas/domes.
IV" name="eprints.abstract" />
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<meta content="260103 Vulcanology" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="The Iberian Pyrite Belt is the richest massive sulfide province in the world. The massive sulfide
ore deposits occur in a felsic volcanic and sedimentary succession (VS Complex) of late
Famennian (Upper Devonian) to late Visean (Middle Carboniferous) age. Volcanic facies
analysis has been carried out on three areas in Portugal, including the Neves Corvo mine, and
five sections in Spain. In all sections studied, the depositional setting during accumulation of the
VS Complex was submarine and below wave base.
The principal felsic volcanic facies are: (1) coherent rhyolite and dacite, associated with
monomictic breccia; (2) fiamme-rich breccia (with variable amounts of dense volcanic and
sedimentary clasts), fiamme-rich sandstone and fiamme-bearing mudstone; and (3) crystal-rich
sandstone and mudstone. Mafic units are minor, dominated by coherent facies and have
uncertain mode of emplacement (intrusions or lavas). Fiamme typically have lenticular shape
and quartz- or quartz- and feldspar-phyric texture, and are interpreted to be altered and
compacted pumice clasts. The volcanic facies are typically interleaved with, and regionally less
voluminous than, the non-volcanic facies, which are dominated by mudstone.
The felsic volcanic facies are interpreted to be the products of numerous, relatively small
intrabasinal volcanic centres that generated abundant lavas, domes and pyroclastic units. Some
volcanic centres are dominated by lavas, whereas others have similar proportions of lavas and
pyroclastic units. The domes and lavas are more voluminous but less laterally extensive than the
pyroclastic units. A sediment-matrix breccia typically occurs at the top contact of the felsic
lavas with sedimentary units. This sediment-matrix breccia formed from the infiltration of fine
sediment into interclast spaces in previously formed hyaloclastite, and could be misinterpreted
as peperite. Felsic intrusions are less voluminous than lavas, and were emplaced as cryptodomes
and partly extrusive cryptodomes, late in the evolution of the VS Complex. The architecture of
the different study areas reflects differences in the eruption style, emplacement processes and
proximity to source. Parts of the succession interpreted to be proximal are dominated by thick
lavas/domes and intrusions, and coarse pyroclastic deposits. Medial parts comprise
resedimented autoclastic facies derived from the lavas and domes, and relatively thin pyroclastic
units. Distal parts comprise relatively thinly bedded crystal-rich sandstone and siliceous
mudstone. Regional correlations in the VS Complex are impossible, as none of the volcanic
facies are regionally extensive and each of the volcanic centres has a unique internal
architecture.
At Neves Corvo mine, the massive sulfide ore deposits are close to one of the felsic volcanic
centre(s), occurring immediately above the rhyolitic lavas/domes.
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    <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Facies Architecture of the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal and Spain</h1>
    <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Rosa, Carlos J.P.</span> (2007) <xhtml:em>Facies Architecture of the Volcanic Sedimentary Complex of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal and Spain.</xhtml:em> PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2866' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/1/01front.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2866' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2866"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/1/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/1/01front.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Front Matter)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />870Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2867' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/2/02chapter1.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2867' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2867"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/2/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/2/02chapter1.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.1)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />139Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2868' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/3/03chapter2.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2868' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2868"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/3/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/3/03chapter2.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.2)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />770Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2869' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/4/04chapter3.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2869' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2869"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/4/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/4/04chapter3.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.3)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />50Mb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2870' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/5/05chapter4.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2870' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2870"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/5/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/5/05chapter4.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.4)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />129Mb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2871' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/6/06chapter5.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2871' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2871"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/6/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/6/06chapter5.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.5)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />127Mb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2872' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/7/07chapter6.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2872' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2872"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/7/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/7/07chapter6.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.6)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />92Mb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2873' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/8/08chapter7.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2873' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2873"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/8/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/8/08chapter7.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.7)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />528Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2874' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/9/09chapter8.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2874' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2874"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/9/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/9/09chapter8.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (ch.8)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />98Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2875' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/10/10references.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2875' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2875"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/10/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/10/10references.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (References)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />321Kb</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a onmouseover="EPJS_ShowPreview( event, 'doc_preview_2876' );" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/11/11appendices.pdf" onmouseout="EPJS_HidePreview( event, 'doc_preview_2876' );"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a><div class="ep_preview" id="doc_preview_2876"><table><tr><td><img alt="" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/thumbnails/11/preview.png" class="ep_preview_image" border="0" /><div class="ep_preview_title">Preview</div></td></tr></table></div></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2276/11/11appendices.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF (Appendices)</span></a> - Requires a PDF viewer<br />3159Kb</td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The Iberian Pyrite Belt is the richest massive sulfide province in the world. The massive sulfide&#13;
ore deposits occur in a felsic volcanic and sedimentary succession (VS Complex) of late&#13;
Famennian (Upper Devonian) to late Visean (Middle Carboniferous) age. Volcanic facies&#13;
analysis has been carried out on three areas in Portugal, including the Neves Corvo mine, and&#13;
five sections in Spain. In all sections studied, the depositional setting during accumulation of the&#13;
VS Complex was submarine and below wave base.&#13;
The principal felsic volcanic facies are: (1) coherent rhyolite and dacite, associated with&#13;
monomictic breccia; (2) fiamme-rich breccia (with variable amounts of dense volcanic and&#13;
sedimentary clasts), fiamme-rich sandstone and fiamme-bearing mudstone; and (3) crystal-rich&#13;
sandstone and mudstone. Mafic units are minor, dominated by coherent facies and have&#13;
uncertain mode of emplacement (intrusions or lavas). Fiamme typically have lenticular shape&#13;
and quartz- or quartz- and feldspar-phyric texture, and are interpreted to be altered and&#13;
compacted pumice clasts. The volcanic facies are typically interleaved with, and regionally less&#13;
voluminous than, the non-volcanic facies, which are dominated by mudstone.&#13;
The felsic volcanic facies are interpreted to be the products of numerous, relatively small&#13;
intrabasinal volcanic centres that generated abundant lavas, domes and pyroclastic units. Some&#13;
volcanic centres are dominated by lavas, whereas others have similar proportions of lavas and&#13;
pyroclastic units. The domes and lavas are more voluminous but less laterally extensive than the&#13;
pyroclastic units. A sediment-matrix breccia typically occurs at the top contact of the felsic&#13;
lavas with sedimentary units. This sediment-matrix breccia formed from the infiltration of fine&#13;
sediment into interclast spaces in previously formed hyaloclastite, and could be misinterpreted&#13;
as peperite. Felsic intrusions are less voluminous than lavas, and were emplaced as cryptodomes&#13;
and partly extrusive cryptodomes, late in the evolution of the VS Complex. The architecture of&#13;
the different study areas reflects differences in the eruption style, emplacement processes and&#13;
proximity to source. Parts of the succession interpreted to be proximal are dominated by thick&#13;
lavas/domes and intrusions, and coarse pyroclastic deposits. Medial parts comprise&#13;
resedimented autoclastic facies derived from the lavas and domes, and relatively thin pyroclastic&#13;
units. Distal parts comprise relatively thinly bedded crystal-rich sandstone and siliceous&#13;
mudstone. Regional correlations in the VS Complex are impossible, as none of the volcanic&#13;
facies are regionally extensive and each of the volcanic centres has a unique internal&#13;
architecture.&#13;
At Neves Corvo mine, the massive sulfide ore deposits are close to one of the felsic volcanic&#13;
centre(s), occurring immediately above the rhyolitic lavas/domes.&#13;
IV</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Thesis (PhD)</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260103.html">260000 Earth Sciences &gt; 260100 Geology &gt; 260103 Vulcanology</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2276</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">MS Heather Excell</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">22 Oct 2007 12:37</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2276;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2276">item control page</a></p>
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